Industries and Cuffs
Ownership, Regulation and Funding
Ownership - the way in which the business part of a tv company is run
Funding - the sources a media company uses to get money for producing their shows
Regulations - the setting and regulation of rules in media sector
Public service broadcasting
- PSB means that programmes made for the public. There is no advertisements.
- Public service broadcasters generally transmit programming that aims to improve society by informing viewers
- Public service broadcasters also strive to entertain their viewers
BBC
The BBC is a good example of a public service broadcaster.
The BBC's aim is to:
1. Have distinctive high quality programmes
2. Reflect the diversity of Britain
3. Inform the public
4. Make original programmes rather than importing cheaper American programmes
BBC Remit - to enrich people's lives with programs and services which include: inform, educate and entertain
They want 'To reflect the UK its future and values to the world'
PSB characteristics
- High quality
- Original
- Innovate
- Challenging
- Widely available
- Distinctive
Funding
- 75% of the BBC's funding comes from the licence fee.
- The remaining income comes from commercial activities such as:
Worldwide Radio sales of its programmes
Publications such as Radio Times, BBC History Magazine, Good Food, etc.
Commercial Television
- The aim of commercial stations (ITV, 5 and SKY) is to provide popular shows that attract an audience, therefore leading to higher prices when advertising is sold.
- All commercial terrestrial stations (ITV, 5) are funded by advertising.
- Terrestrial stations - television signal is transmitted by radio waves from the terrestrial using an antenna.
Funding Issues
- The future of the licence fee is under attack in today's competitive market.
- The BBC has launched the digital stations such as BBC News, BBC3 and BBC4 but these are not universally available.
- Commercial advertising rates has fallen because:
There are more commercial channels competing for advertisers.
The internet has increased competition.
Television advertising is now seen as less effective than other forms of advertising.
Streaming and catch up services are more popular.
- Satellite stations such as SKY are funded through: Advertising, subscription charges.
What is the BBC's main source of funding and how does it work? (5)
The BBC's main source of funding is through TV licences. A home must pay for the TV licence is they own a TV, which is paid yearly. 75% of the BBC's funding comes from this licence fee.
What other methods does the BBC use to raise funds?
The rest of the BBC's income comes from commercial activities such as worldwide radio sales of its programmes and publications such as Radio Times, History magazine, etc.
What issues are there with the BBC's funding model? (5)
Today's competitive market puts the future of the BBC's licence fee under attack, due to the vast range of other channels that don't require a TV licence. This angers the public as they still have to pay a TV licence even if they claim they don't watch the BBC. The BBC has launched digital stations such as BBC News, BBC3 and BBC4, however these are not available worldwide.
What other methods are there for funding TV? (1)
Commercial funding - through advertising. Many channels have advertisement breaks during programmes.
What issues are there with commercial TV funding? (2)
Commercial TV breaks could cause audiences watching previous programmes to switch over to another channel. This defeats the purpose of the advertisements as they won't be acknowledged by audiences. Advertising is also a lot harder as there is so much competition, such as social media, Youtube, etc.
Commercial Television
- The aim of commercial stations (ITV, 5 and SKY) is to provide popular shows that attract an audience, therefore leading to higher prices when advertising is sold.
- All commercial terrestrial stations (ITV, 5) are funded by advertising.
- Terrestrial stations - television signal is transmitted by radio waves from the terrestrial using an antenna.
Funding Issues
- The future of the licence fee is under attack in today's competitive market.
- The BBC has launched the digital stations such as BBC News, BBC3 and BBC4 but these are not universally available.
- Commercial advertising rates has fallen because:
There are more commercial channels competing for advertisers.
The internet has increased competition.
Television advertising is now seen as less effective than other forms of advertising.
Streaming and catch up services are more popular.
- Satellite stations such as SKY are funded through: Advertising, subscription charges.
What is the BBC's main source of funding and how does it work? (5)
The BBC's main source of funding is through TV licences. A home must pay for the TV licence is they own a TV, which is paid yearly. 75% of the BBC's funding comes from this licence fee.
What other methods does the BBC use to raise funds?
The rest of the BBC's income comes from commercial activities such as worldwide radio sales of its programmes and publications such as Radio Times, History magazine, etc.
What issues are there with the BBC's funding model? (5)
Today's competitive market puts the future of the BBC's licence fee under attack, due to the vast range of other channels that don't require a TV licence. This angers the public as they still have to pay a TV licence even if they claim they don't watch the BBC. The BBC has launched digital stations such as BBC News, BBC3 and BBC4, however these are not available worldwide.
What other methods are there for funding TV? (1)
Commercial funding - through advertising. Many channels have advertisement breaks during programmes.
What issues are there with commercial TV funding? (2)
Commercial TV breaks could cause audiences watching previous programmes to switch over to another channel. This defeats the purpose of the advertisements as they won't be acknowledged by audiences. Advertising is also a lot harder as there is so much competition, such as social media, Youtube, etc.
Regulation
- Television in the UK is regulated by OFCOM.
- OFCOM have a set of rules called the broadcasting code.
- OFCOM also define the watershed. Watershed means that programmes such as Cuffs have to be very careful about their content, which might be seen to reduce the realism of the programme as, for example, the criminals avoid swearing.
Who are OFCOM? (1)
OFCOM stands for Offices of Communication, who regulate all British television.
What is the watershed? (1)
Watershed is the time period from 9:00pm to 5:30am where TV shows are played that are not deemed appropriate for children.
How might watershed impact on Cuffs?
Watershed may impact on Cuffs as it is a pre-watershed programme, making it difficult, as Cuffs is a police drama, to represent full realism if they cannot perform actions such as swearing and violence, which usually fit into a typical police drama. This makes it harder for the audience to enjoy Cuffs as pre-watershed stops Cuffs from being fully realistic.
Why do programmes need to be regulated?
In order to fit the broadcasting code rules of OFCOM.
- OFCOM have a set of rules called the broadcasting code.
- OFCOM also define the watershed. Watershed means that programmes such as Cuffs have to be very careful about their content, which might be seen to reduce the realism of the programme as, for example, the criminals avoid swearing.
Who are OFCOM? (1)
OFCOM stands for Offices of Communication, who regulate all British television.
What is the watershed? (1)
Watershed is the time period from 9:00pm to 5:30am where TV shows are played that are not deemed appropriate for children.
How might watershed impact on Cuffs?
Watershed may impact on Cuffs as it is a pre-watershed programme, making it difficult, as Cuffs is a police drama, to represent full realism if they cannot perform actions such as swearing and violence, which usually fit into a typical police drama. This makes it harder for the audience to enjoy Cuffs as pre-watershed stops Cuffs from being fully realistic.
Why do programmes need to be regulated?
In order to fit the broadcasting code rules of OFCOM.
Scheduling and Viewing Figured
- Scheduling is the art of arranging a channel's programming into an order which maximises viewing figures.
- Viewing figures - provided by BARB (they collect the audience figures) - are the amount of viewers calculated to watching a specific programme at a specific time.
Cuffs was scheduled at 8pm on a Wednesday on BBC1. It averaged viewing figures of between 2.5 and 4.2 million.
- Viewing figures - provided by BARB (they collect the audience figures) - are the amount of viewers calculated to watching a specific programme at a specific time.
Cuffs was scheduled at 8pm on a Wednesday on BBC1. It averaged viewing figures of between 2.5 and 4.2 million.
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